Heterosis and combining ability for yield and resistance to grain mold in tannin-free photoperiod-insensitive sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench] in Senegal

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Increasing sorghum production per unit area in the farmer’s field by developing high yielding tannin-free and grain mold tolerant varieties in...     

Soil chronosequence and biosequence on old lake sediments of the Burdur Lake in Turkey

The Burdur Lake is located in the southwest of Turkey, and its area has decreased by 40% from 211 km² in 1975 to 126 km² in 2019. In this study, we investigated how the soil has changed in the lacustrine material. Three soil profiles were sampled from the former lakebed (chronosequence profiles: P1, 2007; P2, 1994; and P3, 1975), and three soil profiles under different land use types (biosequence profiles: P4, native forest vegetation; P5, agriculture; and P6, lakebed) were sampled. The chronosequence and biosequence soil profiles represented various distances from the Burdur Lake and showed different stages of lacustrine evolution. Soil electrical conductivity (EC; 18.1 to 0.4 dS m_-1), exchangeable Na⁺ (34.7 to 1.4 cmol kg^-1) and K⁺ (0.61 to 0.56 cmol kg^-1), and water-soluble Cl^- (70.3 to 2.1 cmol L^-1) and SO₄^2- (275.9 to 25.0 cmol L^-1) decreased with increasing distance from the Burdur Lake, whereas the A horizon thickness (10 to 48 cm), structure formation (0 to 48 cm), gleization-oxidation depth (0 to 79 cm), and montmorillonite and organic matter (OM; 25.9 to 46.0 g kg^-1) contents increased in the chronosequence soil profiles. The formation of P3 in the chronosequence and P5 in the biosequence soil profiles increased due to longer exposure to pedogenic processes (time, land use, vegetation, etc.). Changes in EC, exchangeable cation (Na⁺ and K⁺) and water-soluble anion (Cl^- and SO₄^2-) concentrations of the salt-enriched horizon, OM, gleization-oxidation depth, A horizon thickness, and structure formation of the chronosequence and biosequence soil profiles (especially the topsoil horizon) were highly related to the distance from the Burdur Lake, time, and land use.     

Effects of dietary incorporation of potato protein concentrate and supplementation of methionine on growth and feed utilization of rainbow trout

Four diets (1, 2, 3 and 4) were formulated to contain different potato protein concentrate (PPC) levels (0, 22, 56, and 111 g kg⁻¹). Diet 5 contained 56 g kg⁻¹ PPC and 17 g kg⁻¹ methionine. A growth trial was conducted to investigate the effect on growth and feed utilization of incorporation of PPC and supplementation of methionine in the diet of rainbow trout. When the proportion of PPC exceeded 56 g kg⁻¹ the growth of fish decreased while both growth and feed utilization decreased when the dietary PPC was 111 g kg⁻¹. Protein productive value and condition factor of the fish decreased and mortality increased with the increase in the proportion of dietary PPC.     

Synthesis and insecticidal evaluation of imidacloprid analogs

Imidacloprid analogues containing a nitroalkylidene instead of a nitroguanidine unit have been prepared and evaluated for investigation as potential insecticides. No nitroalkylidene analogue showed significant activity against the test insects. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry     

Mulching effects on soil nutrient levels and yield in coffee farming systems in Rwanda

Different combinations of organic mulch were applied in smallholder coffee farming systems to assess their effects on soil nutrient contents and coffee yield at three sites in different agro-ecological zones in Rwanda. Mulching systems consisted of Cymbopogon spp. (T1), Panicum spp. (T2), Cymbopogon spp. and Panicum spp. (T3), Eucalyptus spp. and Cymbopogon spp. (T4), mixed residues (T5) and un-mulched coffee used as control (T6). Mulch had significant and specific effects at each site (p < 0.001). T3 reduced soil pH value and exchangeable acidity at Kibirizi, while at Karongi and Ruli, these effects were observed with T4 and T5. T4 and T5 significantly increased the content of soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The amount of nutrients released was regulated by the amount and type of mulch applied, the agro-ecological conditions and the soil properties at each site. The increased soil nutrient levels led to improved soil fertility conditions and increased coffee yields. The coffee yields were significantly increased with T1 at Karongi (p < 0.05) by up to 1.9 t ha⁻¹. T2 and T3 had significantly higher yields at Kibirizi. Yields at Kibirizi were 48% lower compared to yields at Karongi; at this site, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 increased yields by 57%, 26%, 31%, 20% and 28%, respectively, when compared to the no mulching treatment (T6). However, coffee yields over 1.9 t ha⁻¹ can only be obtained with additional applications of inorganic fertilizer at different rates depending on the agro-ecological zone and soil type.     

Kleine botanische Beobachtungen im Institutsgelände

Zusammenfassung 1. Die BlastocladialeAllomyces arbuscula, in Deutschland bisher nur von drei Fundorten angegeben (Remy 1950) wurde in einer Zone temporärer Pfützen am Rande einer gepflasterten Straße, wo auch die DesmidiaceeActinotaenium curtum (Bréb.)Teil. vorkommt, zwischen Gebäuden des Zentralinstitus gefunden.2.Tulipa sylvestris L. von einem Wild-Standort, wo sie sich wenig blühwillig zeigt, weist, in's Institutsgelände verpflanzt, starke vegetative Vermehrung und reichen Blütenansatz auf. Über auftretende Variationen im Blütenbau wird berichtet.

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Some botanical observations in the area of the Institute

Summary 1. The BlastocladialeAllomyces arbuscula E. J. Butler 1911, known hitherto in Germany only from three sites (Remy 1950) was found on loamy soil from roadsides in the area of the Central Institute Gatersleben, together with the DesmidialeActinotaenium curtum (Bréb.)Teil. 1954.2. Observations on enhancement of floweriness and natural occurring aberrations in the flower formula fromTulipa sylvestris L. transplanted from a shaded wild site with very sparse producing flowers to gardenground with full sunshine.

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1. Allomyces arbuscula, (Remy 1950), , , , Actinotaenium curtum (Bréb.)Teil.2. (Tulipa sylvestris L.), , , . .

     

Zur Stellungnahme der Herren H. Niklas und M. Miller zum Wirkungsgesetze der Wachstumsfaktoren

Ohne Zusammenfassung Siehe Seite 390 und 392 des laufenden Jahrganges unserer Zeitscchrift. (Schriftl.)     

Assessment of terminal drought tolerance among elite wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes using selected agronomic and physiological traits

ABSTRACT

The selection response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under water-limited condition can be enhanced through breeding novel genotypes possessing drought-adaptive and yield-related agronomic and physiological traits. The objective of this study was to evaluate terminal drought tolerance among bread wheat genotypes and select superior parents for breeding. Agronomic and physiological responses of 28 wheat lines were assessed under well-watered (WW) and terminal drought (TD) treatments using a 7?×?4 alpha-lattice design under rainout shelter (RS) and glasshouse (GH) environments. Significant (p?≤?0.05) genotype?×?environment interaction effects were observed for number of days to heading (DTH), number of days to maturity (DTM), number of productive tillers per plant (TN), grain yield (GY), thousand kernel weight (TKW), stomatal conductance (SC), leaf canopy temperature (LCT) and chlorophyll content index (CCI) suggesting varied genotypic response under WW and TD treatments. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations TN and GY (r?=?0.67; p?≤?0.001), TKW and GY (r?=?0.72; p?≤?0.001), CCI and GY (r?=?0.39; p?≤?0.05) under TD treatment. Drought tolerant wheat genotypes such as LM100, LM72, LM22 and LM95 are useful for direct cultivation and for developing breeding populations with enhanced yield performance.